Language
What languages are used & how it's translated
The moment a brand crosses a language boundary, every assumption about tone, register, and meaning is up for renegotiation.
Language decisions involve which languages the brand operates in, how translations are managed, and what principles guide adaptation. Literal translation is rarely the right answer. A brand voice built on wordplay, cultural references, or a specific relationship to formality will not transfer directly. The question is what the brand is trying to convey and how best to convey it in each language.
For brands that operate globally, consistency in core meaning across languages matters more than consistency in exact wording. The values, the tone, and the personality should be recognizable whether someone reads the brand in English, Spanish, or Japanese, even though the words and sentence structures are completely different.